Decolonisation of Africa - Wikipedia. African countries in order of independence. The Decolonization of Africa followed World War II, when colonised peoples agitated for independence and colonial powers withdrew their administrators from Africa. As a result of colonialism and imperialism, a majority of Africa lost sovereignty and control of natural resources such as gold and rubber.
Following the concept of Rudyard Kipling's poem . Roosevelt and British Prime Minister. Winston Churchill met to discuss the postwar world.
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The result was the Atlantic Charter. After World War II, the US and the African colonies put pressure on Britain to abide by the terms of the Atlantic Charter. After the war, some British considered African colonies to be childish and immature; British colonisers introduced democratic government at local levels in the colonies. By the 1. 93. 0s, the colonial powers had cultivated, sometimes inadvertently, a small elite of leaders educated in Western universities and familiar with ideas such as self- determination. These leaders came to lead the struggles for independence, and included leading nationalists such as Jomo Kenyatta (Kenya), Kwame Nkrumah (Gold Coast, now Ghana), Julius Nyerere (Tanganyika, now Tanzania), L. The Decolonization of Africa. Retrieved 1. 1 January 2.
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Francophone African Poetry and Drama: A Cultural History Since the 1. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 7. Retrieved 1. 1 January 2.
The mission to civilize the African continent has historically been referred to as the 'white man's burden' ^. Retrieved 2. 6 January 2. The Atlantic Charter was a joint declaration released by U. S. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill on August 1.
Newfoundland. The Great Powers and Poland: From Versailles to Yalta. Rowman & Littlefield. Retrieved 2. 4 June 2. In addition, the mandatory or trustee powers are mentioned for territories that were League of Nations mandates and UN Trust Territories.^The dates of decolonization for territories annexed by or integrated into previously decolonized independent countries are given in separate notes.^The Union of South Africa was constituted through the South Africa Act entering into force on 3. May 1. 91. 0. On 1.
December 1. 93. 1 it got increased self- governance powers through the Statute of Westminster which was followed by transformation into republic after the 1. Afterwards, South Africa was under apartheid regime until elections resulting from the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa on 2. April 1. 99. 4 when Nelson Mandela became president.^King, Joan Wucher (1. Historical Dictionary of Egypt. Books of Lasting Value.
American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 9. 78- 9. 77- 4. Through this declaration, the British government unilaterally ended its protectorate over Egypt and granted it nominal independence with the exception of four . The last British troops left Egypt after the Suez Crisis of 1. Robert O. Collins, A History of Modern Sudan^Anglo- Egyptian Condominium Agreement of 1. Sudan should be jointly governed by Egypt and Britain, but with real power remaining in British hands.
Ifni was returned from Spain to Morocco on 4 January 1. The British Togolandmandate and trust territory was integrated into Gold Coast colony on 1. December 1. 95. 6.^After the French Cameroun mandate and trust territory gained independence it was joined by part of the British Cameroons mandate and trust territory on 1 October 1.
The other part of British Cameroons joined Nigeria.^ ab. Senegal and French Sundan gained independence on 2. June 1. 96. 0 as the Mali Federation, which dissolved a few months later into present day Senegal and Mali.^The Trust Territory of Somalia (former Italian Somaliland) united with the State of Somaliland (former British Somaliland) on 1 July 1. Somali Republic (Somalia).^Independent Benin unilaterally annexed Portuguese S.
The other part of British Cameroons joined the previously decolonized French Cameroun mandate and territory.^After both gained independence Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged on 2. April 1. 96. 4^UN General Assembly Resolution 3. UN General Assembly Resolution 3. The Spanish colonial rule de facto terminated over the Western Sahara (then Rio de Oro), when the territory was passed on to and partitioned between Mauritania and Morocco (which annexed the entire territory in 1. Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic ineffective to the present day (it controls only a small portion east of the Moroccan Wall). The UN still considers Spain as administrating country of the whole territory.
However, the de facto administrator is Morocco (see United Nations list of Non- Self- Governing Territories). References. VIII, UNESCO, 1. Chafer, Tony. The end of empire in French West Africa: France's successful decolonization (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2. Clayton, Anthony. The wars of French decolonization (Routledge, 2.
Cooper, Frederick. Decolonization and African society: The labor question in French and British Africa (Cambridge University Press, 1. Michael Crowder. ISBN 9. Gordon, April A. Understanding Contemporary Africa (London, 1.
Rothermund, Dietmar. The Routledge companion to decolonization (Routledge, 2. Kevin Shillington . Martin's Press, New York, 1. Khapoya, Vincent B. The African Experience (1. White, Nicholas. Decolonization: the British experience since 1.
Routledge, 2. 01.